Chronemics refers to the use of time and how it is organized.  One important aspect of temporal communication is psychological time.  This is the relative importance individuals place on the past, present, or future.  Those who focus on the past like to relive old times and often regard old methods and lifestyles as the most effective and efficient; events are seen as circular, for the knowledge of the past seems to influence today and tomorrow.  Those who have a present orientation live in the "now" and do not plan for a future.  Finally, there are some who do look towards the future, and therefore work and live to prepare for tomorrow.  Another aspect of chronemics is cultural time, which refers to the differences among cultures and societies in their views regarding time orientation (DeVito, 2005).