Nonverbal immediacy is the use of nonverbal signals that encourage physical and psychological closeness with others.  It can be established using proxemics, kinesics, and haptic behaviors so that the physical distance between individuals is decreased.  For example, an individual may move closer, lean forward, or touch the other person in order to signify closeness.  Psychological immediacy can also be acquired with a head nod, smile, or eye contact.  While such movements can seem intimidating, research has proven that "immediacy often begets immediacy:" when one person engages in behaviors of nonverbal immediacy, the target person will most likely respond in the same way (DeFleur, 2005).